include/boost/corosio/native/detail/epoll/epoll_scheduler.hpp

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epoll_scheduler.hpp

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1		//
2		// Copyright (c) 2026 Steve Gerbino
3		// Copyright (c) 2026 Michael Vandeberg
4		//
5		// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
6		// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
7		//
8		// Official repository: https://github.com/cppalliance/corosio
9		//
10
11		#ifndef BOOST_COROSIO_NATIVE_DETAIL_EPOLL_EPOLL_SCHEDULER_HPP
12		#define BOOST_COROSIO_NATIVE_DETAIL_EPOLL_EPOLL_SCHEDULER_HPP
13
14		#include <boost/corosio/detail/platform.hpp>
15
16		#if BOOST_COROSIO_HAS_EPOLL
17
18		#include <boost/corosio/detail/config.hpp>
19		#include <boost/capy/ex/execution_context.hpp>
20
21		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/reactor/reactor_scheduler.hpp>
22		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/reactor/reactor_signal_pipe.hpp>
23
24		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/epoll/epoll_traits.hpp>
25		#include <boost/corosio/detail/timer_service.hpp>
26		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/make_err.hpp>
27
28		#include <boost/corosio/detail/except.hpp>
29
30		#include <atomic>
31		#include <chrono>
32		#include <cstdint>
33		#include <mutex>
34		#include <vector>
35
36		#include <errno.h>
37		#include <sys/epoll.h>
38		#include <sys/eventfd.h>
39		#include <sys/timerfd.h>
40		#include <unistd.h>
41
42		namespace boost::corosio::detail {
43
44		/** Linux scheduler using epoll for I/O multiplexing.
45
46		This scheduler implements the scheduler interface using Linux epoll
47		for efficient I/O event notification. It uses a single reactor model
48		where one thread runs epoll_wait while other threads
49		wait on a condition variable for handler work. This design provides:
50
51		- Handler parallelism: N posted handlers can execute on N threads
52		- No thundering herd: condition_variable wakes exactly one thread
53		- IOCP parity: Behavior matches Windows I/O completion port semantics
54
55		When threads call run(), they first try to execute queued handlers.
56		If the queue is empty and no reactor is running, one thread becomes
57		the reactor and runs epoll_wait. Other threads wait on a condition
58		variable until handlers are available.
59
60		@par Thread Safety
61		All public member functions are thread-safe.
62		*/
63		class BOOST_COROSIO_DECL epoll_scheduler final : public reactor_scheduler
64		{
65		public:
66		/** Construct the scheduler.
67
68		Creates an epoll instance, eventfd for reactor interruption,
69		and timerfd for kernel-managed timer expiry.
70
71		@param ctx Reference to the owning execution_context.
72		@param concurrency_hint Hint for expected thread count (unused).
73		*/
74		epoll_scheduler(capy::execution_context& ctx, int concurrency_hint = -1);
75
76		/// Destroy the scheduler.
77		~epoll_scheduler() override;
78
79		epoll_scheduler(epoll_scheduler const&) = delete;
80		epoll_scheduler& operator=(epoll_scheduler const&) = delete;
81
82		/// Shut down the scheduler, draining pending operations.
83		void shutdown() override;
84
85		/// Apply runtime configuration, resizing the event buffer.
86		void configure_reactor(
87		unsigned max_events,
88		unsigned budget_init,
89		unsigned budget_max,
90		unsigned unassisted) override;
91
92		/** Return the epoll file descriptor.
93
94		Used by socket services to register file descriptors
95		for I/O event notification.
96
97		@return The epoll file descriptor.
98		*/
99		int epoll_fd() const noexcept
100		{
101		return epoll_fd_;
102		}
103
104		/** Register a descriptor for persistent monitoring.
105
106		The fd is registered once and stays registered until explicitly
107		deregistered. Events are dispatched via reactor_descriptor_state which
108		tracks pending read/write/connect operations.
109
110		@param fd The file descriptor to register.
111		@param desc Pointer to descriptor data (stored in epoll_event.data.ptr).
112
113		@return The error if registration fails, otherwise a default
114		constructed error code.
115		*/
116		std::error_code
117		register_descriptor(int fd, reactor_descriptor_state* desc) const;
118
119		/** Deregister a persistently registered descriptor.
120
121		@param fd The file descriptor to deregister.
122		*/
123		void deregister_descriptor(int fd) const;
124
125		/// Watch the read end of the POSIX signal self-pipe (see scheduler.hpp).
126	76x	[[nodiscard]] std::error_code register_signal_reader(int read_fd) override
127		{
128	76x	return register_descriptor(read_fd, signal_pipe_reader_.arm());
129		}
130
131		private:
132		void run_task(lock_type& lock, context_type& ctx, long timeout_us) override;
133		void interrupt_reactor() const override;
134		void update_timerfd() const;
135
136		int epoll_fd_;
137		int event_fd_;
138		int timer_fd_;
139
140		// Watches the global signal self-pipe's read end (armed lazily by
141		// register_signal_reader on the first signal registration).
142		reactor_signal_pipe_reader signal_pipe_reader_;
143
144		// Edge-triggered eventfd state
145		mutable std::atomic<bool> eventfd_armed_{false};
146
147		// Set when the earliest timer changes; flushed before epoll_wait
148		mutable std::atomic<bool> timerfd_stale_{false};
149
150		// Event buffer sized from max_events_per_poll_ (set at construction,
151		// resized by configure_reactor via io_context_options).
152		std::vector<epoll_event> event_buffer_;
153		};
154
155	1305x	inline epoll_scheduler::epoll_scheduler(capy::execution_context& ctx, int)
156	1305x	: epoll_fd_(-1)
157	1305x	, event_fd_(-1)
158	1305x	, timer_fd_(-1)
159	2610x	, event_buffer_(max_events_per_poll_)
160		{
161	1305x	epoll_fd_ = ::epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
162	1305x	if (epoll_fd_ < 0)
163	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errno), "epoll_create1");
164
165	1304x	event_fd_ = ::eventfd(0, EFD_NONBLOCK \| EFD_CLOEXEC);
166	1304x	if (event_fd_ < 0)
167		{
168	1x	int errn = errno;
169	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
170	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "eventfd");
171		}
172
173	1303x	timer_fd_ = ::timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TFD_NONBLOCK \| TFD_CLOEXEC);
174	1303x	if (timer_fd_ < 0)
175		{
176	1x	int errn = errno;
177	1x	::close(event_fd_);
178	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
179	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "timerfd_create");
180		}
181
182	1302x	epoll_event ev{};
183	1302x	ev.events = EPOLLIN \| EPOLLET;
184	1302x	ev.data.ptr = nullptr;
185	1302x	if (::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, event_fd_, &ev) < 0)
186		{
187	1x	int errn = errno;
188	1x	::close(timer_fd_);
189	1x	::close(event_fd_);
190	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
191	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "epoll_ctl");
192		}
193
194	1301x	epoll_event timer_ev{};
195	1301x	timer_ev.events = EPOLLIN \| EPOLLERR;
196	1301x	timer_ev.data.ptr = &timer_fd_;
197	1301x	if (::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, timer_fd_, &timer_ev) < 0)
198		{
199	1x	int errn = errno;
200	1x	::close(timer_fd_);
201	1x	::close(event_fd_);
202	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
203	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "epoll_ctl (timerfd)");
204		}
205
206	1300x	timer_svc_ = &get_timer_service(ctx, *this);
207	1300x	timer_svc_->set_on_earliest_changed(
208	4662x	timer_service::callback(this, [](void* p) {
209	3362x	auto* self = static_cast<epoll_scheduler*>(p);
210	3362x	self->timerfd_stale_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
211	3362x	self->interrupt_reactor();
212	3362x	}));
213
214	1300x	completed_ops_.push(&task_op_);
215	1315x	}
216
217	2600x	inline epoll_scheduler::~epoll_scheduler()
218		{
219	1300x	if (timer_fd_ >= 0)
220	1300x	::close(timer_fd_);
221	1300x	if (event_fd_ >= 0)
222	1300x	::close(event_fd_);
223	1300x	if (epoll_fd_ >= 0)
224	1300x	::close(epoll_fd_);
225	2600x	}
226
227		inline void
228	1300x	epoll_scheduler::shutdown()
229		{
230	1300x	shutdown_drain();
231
232	1300x	if (event_fd_ >= 0)
233	1300x	interrupt_reactor();
234	1300x	}
235
236		inline void
237	27x	epoll_scheduler::configure_reactor(
238		unsigned max_events,
239		unsigned budget_init,
240		unsigned budget_max,
241		unsigned unassisted)
242		{
243	27x	reactor_scheduler::configure_reactor(
244		max_events, budget_init, budget_max, unassisted);
245	25x	event_buffer_.resize(max_events_per_poll_);
246	25x	}
247
248		inline std::error_code
249	4351x	epoll_scheduler::register_descriptor(
250		int fd, reactor_descriptor_state* desc) const
251		{
252	4351x	epoll_event ev{};
253	4351x	ev.events = EPOLLIN \| EPOLLOUT \| EPOLLET \| EPOLLERR \| EPOLLHUP;
254	4351x	ev.data.ptr = desc;
255
256	4351x	if (::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) < 0)
257	7x	return make_err(errno);
258
259	4344x	desc->registered_events = ev.events;
260	4344x	desc->fd = fd;
261	4344x	desc->scheduler_ = this;
262	4344x	desc->mutex.set_enabled(reactor_io_locking_);
263	4344x	desc->ready_events_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
264
265	4344x	conditionally_enabled_mutex::scoped_lock lock(desc->mutex);
266	4344x	desc->impl_ref_.reset();
267	4344x	desc->read_ready = false;
268	4344x	desc->write_ready = false;
269	4344x	return {};
270	4344x	}
271
272		inline void
273	4269x	epoll_scheduler::deregister_descriptor(int fd) const
274		{
275	4269x	::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, nullptr);
276	4269x	}
277
278		inline void
279	6674x	epoll_scheduler::interrupt_reactor() const
280		{
281	6674x	bool expected = false;
282	6674x	if (eventfd_armed_.compare_exchange_strong(
283		expected, true, std::memory_order_release,
284		std::memory_order_relaxed))
285		{
286	5268x	std::uint64_t val = 1;
287	5268x	if (::write(event_fd_, &val, sizeof(val)) < 0)
288		{
289		// The flag is what coalesces later interrupts into a byte
290		// already in the eventfd; a write that failed put no byte
291		// there, so leaving it armed would swallow every interrupt
292		// that follows. Disarming keeps the cost to the interrupts
293		// already in flight -- the next one arms and writes again,
294		// instead of every one after this coalescing into a byte
295		// that does not exist.
296	2x	eventfd_armed_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
297		}
298		}
299	6674x	}
300
301		inline void
302	9187x	epoll_scheduler::update_timerfd() const
303		{
304	9187x	auto nearest = timer_svc_->nearest_expiry();
305
306	9187x	itimerspec ts{};
307	9187x	int flags = 0;
308
309	9187x	if (nearest == timer_service::time_point::max())
310		{
311		// No timers — disarm by setting to 0 (relative)
312		}
313		else
314		{
315	8068x	auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
316	8068x	if (nearest <= now)
317		{
318		// Use 1ns instead of 0 — zero disarms the timerfd
319	1655x	ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 1;
320		}
321		else
322		{
323	6413x	auto nsec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
324	6413x	nearest - now)
325	6413x	.count();
326	6413x	ts.it_value.tv_sec = nsec / 1000000000;
327	6413x	ts.it_value.tv_nsec = nsec % 1000000000;
328	6413x	if (ts.it_value.tv_sec == 0 && ts.it_value.tv_nsec == 0)
329	✗	ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 1;
330		}
331		}
332
333	9187x	if (::timerfd_settime(timer_fd_, flags, &ts, nullptr) < 0)
334	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errno), "timerfd_settime");
335	9186x	}
336
337		inline void
338	33477x	epoll_scheduler::run_task(lock_type& lock, context_type& ctx, long timeout_us)
339		{
340		int timeout_ms;
341	33477x	if (task_interrupted_)
342	24485x	timeout_ms = 0;
343	8992x	else if (timeout_us < 0)
344	8795x	timeout_ms = -1;
345		else
346	197x	timeout_ms = static_cast<int>((timeout_us + 999) / 1000);
347
348	33477x	if (lock.owns_lock())
349	8994x	lock.unlock();
350
351	33477x	task_cleanup on_exit{this, &lock, ctx};
352
353		// Flush deferred timerfd programming before blocking
354	33477x	if (timerfd_stale_.exchange(false, std::memory_order_acquire))
355	2841x	update_timerfd();
356
357	33476x	int nfds = ::epoll_wait(
358	33476x	epoll_fd_, event_buffer_.data(), static_cast<int>(event_buffer_.size()),
359		timeout_ms);
360
361	33476x	if (nfds < 0 && errno != EINTR)
362	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errno), "epoll_wait");
363
364	33475x	bool check_timers = false;
365	33475x	ready_queue local_ops;
366
367	70609x	for (int i = 0; i < nfds; ++i)
368		{
369	37134x	if (event_buffer_[i].data.ptr == nullptr)
370		{
371		std::uint64_t val;
372		// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-unix.BlockInCriticalSection)
373	3966x	[[maybe_unused]] auto r = ::read(event_fd_, &val, sizeof(val));
374	3966x	eventfd_armed_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
375	3966x	continue;
376	3966x	}
377
378	33168x	if (event_buffer_[i].data.ptr == &timer_fd_)
379		{
380		std::uint64_t expirations;
381		// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-unix.BlockInCriticalSection)
382		[[maybe_unused]] auto r =
383	6346x	::read(timer_fd_, &expirations, sizeof(expirations));
384	6346x	check_timers = true;
385	6346x	continue;
386	6346x	}
387
388		auto* desc =
389	26822x	static_cast<reactor_descriptor_state*>(event_buffer_[i].data.ptr);
390	26822x	desc->add_ready_events(event_buffer_[i].events);
391
392	26822x	bool expected = false;
393	26822x	if (desc->is_enqueued_.compare_exchange_strong(
394		expected, true, std::memory_order_release,
395		std::memory_order_relaxed))
396		{
397	26822x	local_ops.push(desc);
398		}
399		}
400
401	33475x	if (check_timers)
402		{
403	6346x	timer_svc_->process_expired();
404	6346x	update_timerfd();
405		}
406
407	33475x	lock.lock();
408
409	33475x	completed_ops_.splice(local_ops);
410	33477x	}
411
412		} // namespace boost::corosio::detail
413
414		#endif // BOOST_COROSIO_HAS_EPOLL
415
416		#endif // BOOST_COROSIO_NATIVE_DETAIL_EPOLL_EPOLL_SCHEDULER_HPP
417